Foreign firms in host country environments frequently face location-based disadvantages. This study proposes three means (channels) of overcoming local knowledge disadvantages. Based on a sample of 558 Japanese joint ventures (JVs) located in Southeast and East Asia, we find that partnering with...

1. How traditional Japanese MNEs have changed their business models -- 2. Internationalization of Japanese local, niche, and unicorn companies -- 3. The recovery from natural disaster -- 4. Servitaization -- 5. Evolution of Japanese HRM (Inclusion and diversity).

This article by Detlev Nitsch, Paul Beamish and Shige Makino provides an illuminating presentation of the characteristics and performance of 118 Japanese subsidiaries in Europe. The study is one of the few that contains performance data at the subsidiary level. Subsidiary performance is limited...