(productivity) of selected individuals. Since the exam does not verify all skills, when its standard rises, candidates with … relatively low skills emphasized in the test and high skills demanded in the job may no longer qualify. Hence, an increase in the … testing standard may be counterproductive. One implication is that policies should emphasize alignment between the skills …

workers under pressure. Weak incentives to utilize and maintain skills over the life-cycle become manifest with the ageing of …)cognitive skills ; family policy ; training policy ; active labor market policy ; tax policy ; benefit systems ; pension policy … workers under pressure. Weak incentives to utilize and maintain skills over the life-cycle become manifest with the ageing of …

does not verify all skills, when its standard rises, candidates with relatively low skills emphasized in the test and high … skills demanded in the job may no longer qualify. Hence, an increase in the testing standard may be counterproductive. One … implication is that policies should emphasize alignment between the skills tested and those required in the actual jobs, rather …

signal non-cognitive skills endowment. And it is known that non-cognitive skills are an important determinant of success in … people - ceteris paribus - have access to higher quality of job thanks to the non-cognitive skills they have or they are …

does not verify all skills, when its standard rises, candidates with relatively low skills emphasized in the test and high … skills demanded in the job may no longer qualify. Hence, an increase in the testing standard may be counterproductive. One … implication is that policies should emphasize alignment between the skills tested and those required in the actual jobs, rather …

earnings, even for locals with relatively little education. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) graduates …

-quality schools develop their skills substantially faster than those in low-quality schools. The results remain robust to the …