Reaching high levels of artistic creation in a society requires institutions that facilitate the sorting of the most talented individuals of each generation and the development of their skills across artistic careers. This working paper takes a professional career approach to analyzing how...

This working paper looks at a geographical feature that, to our knowledge, has not been investigated in Spain so far, terrain ruggedness. Using geographical information systems and two public access digital elevation models we construct a terrain ruggedness index that quantifies topographic...

This working paper reports an analysis of the evolution of equity in access to health care in Spain over the period 1987-2001, a time span covering the developmentof the modern Spanish National Health System. Our measures of access are the probabilities of visiting a doctor, using emergency...

This working paper analyses the main findings of the «Poll on Citizens Image of the Justice System» conducted in the framework of the BBVA Foundation s Forum on Judicial Reform and Management. The results and technical features of this survey are attached as an Appendix to the present working...

This working paper focuses on demand projectionsfor Spain s official educational stages in the 2005-2050 period. Between now and 2015, the number of students in non university education will increaseas a result of immigration, while the number of university matriculations will go on shrinking...

This working paper presents a new database covering an extensive set of countries from all over the world, compiled by the BBVA Foundation and the Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas (Ivie) using the methodology developed in Pérez García et al. (2005). It also updates the...

The literature on inequality among economies has focused on analysing the dispersion of indicators such as annual per capita income. This paper adopts a different approach, as it considers the life cycle dimensionof inequality, life expectancy and whether annual per capita income can be expected...

We analyze in this working paper the impact of different policies on the investment of families in the education of their children. In the model we present, families make decisions on the level of human capital of their offspring with a view to the future income that this capital will entail...

Over the last two decades, the degree of international financial integration has increased substantially, becoming an important area of research for many financial economists. This working paper explores the determinants of the asymmetries in the international integration of banking systems. We...

The problem of the future viability of pension systems is a hot topic in the OECD countries. Demographic changes, which include a low birth rate and an ageing population, are directly related to the pension system crisis. Hence the need to study the fertility rate and the factors involved before...