We propose a simple model in which realized stock market return volatility and implied volatility backed out of option prices are subject to common level shifts corresponding to movements between bull and bear markets. The model is estimated using the Kalman filter in a generalization to the...

The statistics that summarise probability density functions(pdfs) implied from option prices can be used to assess market expectations about future uncertainty, asymmetry and the probability of extreme movements in asset prices. A time-series analysis of these statistics for equity index and...

This paper provides a more accurate formula for estimating the implied volatilities for at-the-money calls than the existing formula as developed previously by Brenner and Subrahmanyam (1988). New formulas are also given for estimating the implied volatilities of in- or out-of-the-money calls....

In this paper we study implied and realized volatility for the Nordic power forward market. We create an implied volatility index with a fixed time to maturity. This index is compared to a realized volatility time series calculated from high-frequency data. The results show that the implied...

This paper develops a novel statistic for firm efficiency called efficiency depth that allows for statistical inference in case of errors-in-variables. We derive statistical tests that require minimal statistical assumptions; neither the sample distribution nor the noise level is required. An...

We consider the issues of noise-to-signal estimation, finite sample performance and hypothesis testing for the nonparametric efficiency estimation technique proposed in Cherchye, L., T. Kuosmanen and G. T. Post (2001) 'Nonparametric efficiency estimation in stochastic environments', forthcoming...