Perceptual maps are often used in marketing to visually study relations between two or more attributes. However, in many perceptual maps published in the recent literature it remains unclear what is being shown and how the relations between the points in the map can be interpreted or even what a...

In correspondence analysis, rows and columns of a data matrix are depicted as points in low-dimensional space. The row and column profiles are approximated by minimizing the so-called weighted chi squared distance between the original profiles and their approximations, see or example, Greenacre...

Dual scaling is a multivariate exploratory method equivalent to correspondence analysis when analysing contingency tables. However, for the analysis of rating data different proposals appear in the dual scaling and correspondence analysis literature. It is shown here that a peculiarity of the...

Multidimensional scaling is a statistical technique to visualize dissimilarity data. In multidimensional scaling, objects are represented as points in a usually two dimensional space, such that the distances between the points match the observed dissimilarities as closely as possible. Here, we...

One of the many areas in which Correspondence Analysis (CA) is an effective method, concerns ordination problems. For example, CA is a well-known technique for the seriation of archaeological assemblages. A problem with the CA seriation solution, however, is that only a relative ordering of the...

__Abstract__ A least-squares bilinear clustering framework for modelling three-way data, where each observation consists of an ordinary two-way matrix, is introduced. The method combines bilinear decompositions of the two-way matrices into overall means, row margins, column margins and...

This article is based on a combined dataset of 183,819 port state control (PSC) inspections from various port state control regimes around the world. In theory, there should be no differences in treatments of inspections to determine if a vessel is substandard or not no matter where the...

In this paper we consider the use of correspondence analysis (CA) of rating data. CA of rating data allows a joint representation of the rated items (e.g. attributes or products) and individuals. However, as the number of individuals increases, the interpretation of the CA map becomes difficult....

A response style denotes a certain mapping of latent preferences to a rating scale that is common among a certain group of individuals. For example, individuals from the same country may assign high ratings to the majority of objects regardless of the specific preferences for the objects. The...

Correspondence analysis (CA) is a popular method that can be used to analyze relationships between categorical variables. It is closely related to several popular multivariate analysis methods such as canonical correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Like principal component...