This paper addresses the question of whether foreign ownership matters regarding innovation intensity. It is well documented that foreign firms display lower innovation and R&D intensity than local firms do. However, (foreign) investors bear not only innovation performances in mind when making...

This paper discusses conceptual frameworks for measuring the effects of innovation policy and begins with applying conventional descriptive methods to explore how firms rate and rank the merits of public intervention. Based on survey data from some 1200 Austrian firms we then challenge the...

This paper deals with integrating elements of a bottom-up model of energy demand into a top-down model of total private consumption. The bottom-up elements are represented by the energy efficiency embodied in household appliances. The top-down model describes demand for energy and non-energy...