Chains of the CME Group Time and Sales E-mini S&P 500 futures tick prices and their a-b-c-d-increments are studied. A discrete probability distribution based on the Hurwitz Zeta function and Dirichlet series is suggested for the price increments. The randomness of the ticks is discussed using...

We develop an extended mean-variance model to investigate the relationship between variance risk premia (VRP) and expected futures returns in the commodity market. In the presence of stochastic variance, commodity producers trade both futures and options to hedge their exposure to commodity...

This paper finds substantial risk diversification potential between certain commodity groups and stocks by exploring the dependence between their patterns of regime switching. None of the commodity groups share a common volatility regime with stocks, nor are the regime switching patterns of...

A new measure of hedging pressure in commodity options markets—commercial hedgers’ net short option exposure—predicts option returns and changes in the slope of implied volatility curves. Puts are more expensive, and calls are cheaper, when values of option hedging pressure are greater....

Winter storm Uri impacted large swaths of the Continental United States, including the State of Texas, over the period Feb. 13 -- Feb. 17, 2021. This research attempts to discern what the natgas and power commodity markets are anticipating for Texas for the First Quarter of 2022. As of this...

This paper studies how volatility affects the risk premium in crude oil futures through a discrete-time term structure model with long-run and short-run GARCH-type volatility components. Estimated using WTI crude oil futures data from January 1990 to July 2016, our model simultaneously matches...

We find out-of-sample predictability of commodity futures excess returns using forecast combinations of 28 potential predictors. Such gains in forecast accuracy translate into economically significant improvements in certainty equivalent returns and Sharpe ratios for a mean-variance investor....

Options on crude oil futures are the most actively traded commodity options. We develop a class of computationally efficient discrete-time jump models that allow for closed-form option valuation, and we use crude oil futures and options data to investigate the economic importance of jumps and...