of intellectual property rights (IPRs) to foreigners in Spain during the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth … IPRs in Spain, the scope of this complex relation is explored. In doing so, our hypothesis is confirmed and distinct …

Spain is at a crossroads and needs to change its production model. This change involves moving up the production value …

Between the 1940s and 1970s, Spain used a variety of economic policies that hindered international trade. Because the … use historical bilateral trade flows and a structural gravity model to quantify the evolution of Spain’s border thickness …, a summary measure of its barriers to international trade. We find that Spain’s borders in the period 1948-1975 were …

fundamental for Great Britain and its early followers, and even more so for the latecomers and the underdeveloped countries. Spain … consequences they had on the innovation and industrialization processes, especially in underdeveloped countries such as Spain … industrialization processes as well as helping lagging countries such as Spain to catch up with modern societies. …

were. The origins and evolution of corporate patenting in Spain, the effects of compulsory working clauses, the management … analyzing the strategies of Brown Boveri and Babcock Wilcox corporations in Spain. …