As some scholars have requested, this essay briefly reviews the precedent studies over “Intellectual Capital Money (IKM)” with a unified perspective in the form of a statement of purpose. The first component designs the IKM funding under the balance sheet approach. The second component shows...

The antecedent studies have designed new funding with the intellectual capital money (IKM) upon trading the intellectual capital (IK) to ensure unimpeded access to it and spur its generation and exploitation. This piece examines the static and dynamic behavior of IKM in an open economy. The...

The antecedent studies have designed new funding with the intellectual capital money (IKM) upon trading the intellectual capital (IK) to ensure unimpeded access to it and spur its generation and exploitation. This piece applies some standard economic models to examine how the IKM funding might...

We analyze recent contributions to growth theory based on the model of expanding variety of Romer (1990). In the first part, we present different versions of the benchmark linear model with imperfect competition. These include the 'labequipment' model, labor-for-intermediates' and 'directed...

This paper examines the ability of the endogenous growth and medium frequency cycle model of Holden (2016) to explain global imbalances and the puzzles of open economy macroeconomics. The model features complete international financial markets, and intrinsically multi-national R&D, yet is still...

This research explores the effects of distance to the pre-industrial technological frontiers on comparative economic development in the course of human history. It establishes theoretically and empirically that distance to the frontier had a persistent non-monotonic effect on a country's...

This article shows -- on both conceptual and empirical grounds -- the importance of business cycles in affecting key relationships between innovation and international performance. While periods of upswing are characterized by a well-documented 'virtuous circle' between innovation inputs, new...

The antecedent studies have designed a novel financial mechanism in which, upon trading intellectual capital, the economy creates or receives money to ensure unimpeded capital access and spur its generation and exploitation. This piece summarises some mathematical aspects, allowing us to apply...

We study a dynamic general equilibrium model where innovation takes the form of the introduction new goods, whose production requires skilled workers. Innovation is followed by a costly process of standardization, whereby these new goods are adapted to be produced using unskilled labor. Our...

This paper investigates whether technological innovation and exports affect the size and productivity of manufacturing firms in Brazil. In order to do so, we employ a new dataset and try to control for self-selection, a problem that is particularly important for the issue under examination....