"technical barriers to trade" (i.e., technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures) in selected bilateral … efforts and divert attention from multilateral trade and standards-related negotiations, new obstacles may arise both for …

equilibria, and by setting high standards that are less likely to be devalued by low quality firms. …

relevant position among other important agricultural standards. Rather than a comprehensive analysis it outlines key elements …

with small-scale farmers and have assisted them in achieving GlobalGap certification. Indeed, in contrast with countries … where farmers seeking certification have to pay for it, in Madagascar certification costs have been entirely supported by … understanding potential mechanisms through which Malagasy farmers may benefit from GlobalGap standards and assessing consequences on …

standards and certification, to advance environmental sustainability and social justice. Using a case study of an ecological … voluntary standards and certification. Specifically, efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control became key … shrimp project in Indonesia that became certified organic, this paper raises concerns regarding the impacts of certification …