Few studies address the presence of negative data and undesirable outputs in productivity assessment. This study proposes a range-adjusted measure model that uses a non-radial Malmquist productivity index to estimate dynamic productivity in the presence of negative data and undesirable outputs....

Due to the effects of global warming, environment change has increasingly become a critical research issue and then environment change may be derived from excessive industry development, deforestation, and pollution. In this study, we attempt to evoke people's reflection on environmental...

This general report, sponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, presents a panoramic scenario for China's modernization drive to 2050. It analyzes the evolution and laws governing the development of science and technology, describes the decisive impact of science and technology on the...