In this paper, a variable gain design approach for the high-gain disturbance observer, called Proportional-Integral-Observer (PI-Observer), is proposed to solve the problem of choosing suitable observer gains. The high-gain PI-Observer is successfully applied to estimate unknown inputs of...

Lignocellulosic biomass, microalgae and sewage sludge have distinct compositions and structures to each other. To understand the effect of feedstock differences on biomass liquefaction process, the liquefaction characteristics of rice straw (lignocellulosic biomass), Spirulina (microalgae) and...

The private non-financial sector in Europe is facing increased challenges in meeting its debt servicing obligation. In response, governments are revisiting legal tools and—in some cases—institutional arrangements to deal with over-indebtedness. For households, where the problem in...

type="main" xml:lang="en" <title type="main">Abstract</title> <p>This study applies Narayan and Popp's ([Narayan, P. K., 2010]) unit-root test with two endogenous breaks to assess the validity of long-run real interest rate parity (RIRP) via investigating the non-stationary properties of the real interest rate convergence...</p>

An iterative (fixed-point) algorithm for the maximum-likelihood estimation of copula-based models that circumvents the need to compute second-order derivatives of the full likelihood function is adapted and examined. The algorithm exploits the structure of copula-based models that yield a...

Purpose – Drawing on social identity and self-categorization theories and building on Meyer and Herscovitch's (2001) work on affective commitment, this study aimed to examine the relationship between organizational identification and affective commitment, and the relationships between these...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce a quantitative method for assisting contractors to select appropriate projects for bidding by considering multiple attributes and integrating decision group member opinions. Design/methodology/approach – The fuzzy technique for order...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between leader psychological capital and employee work engagement. Drawing on conservation of resources theory, the authors hypothesize that leader psychological capital is associated with employee work engagement through...

Green building (GB) has been actively promoted in many countries, but it has not become the mainstream in Chinese construction industry due to various reasons. This paper aims to investigate the major driving factors for the development of GB with reference of the Chinese construction market....