This paper looks at the implications for monetary policy of the widespread adoption of artificial intelligence and machine learning, which is sometimes called the "fourth industrial revolution". The paper reviews experiences from the previous three industrial revolutions, developing a template...

We develop a new set of indexes of exchange rate stability, monetary policy independence, and financial market openness as the metrics for the trilemma hypothesis. In our exploration, we take a different and more nuanced approach than the previous indexes developed by Aizenman, Chinn, and Ito...

We develop a new set of indexes of exchange rate stability, monetary policy independence, and financial market openness as the metrics for the trilemma hypothesis. In our exploration, we take a different and more nuanced approach than the previous indexes developed by Aizenman, Chinn, and Ito...

El Acuerdo de Complementación Económica, suscrito entre la Comunidad Andina (CAN) y el Mercado Común del Sur (MERCOSUR), marca un avance hacia una integración económica y política más profunda en América Latina. Por tal razón, el objetivo del presente artículo es identificar los...

The multitude of difficult national problems, of economic, financial, social, cultural nature etc. deepened and intensified in the Member States of the euro area, in the current context of the global financial and economic crisis, have generated, in many states, the emergence and the...

During this period marked by the effects of the current economic crisis, the structural funds play most important role in regional development. Each country of the Union, especially those in development they wish to reach the level of the developed world, so you must access the funds in order to...

We assess the literature on public and private quality standards and their impact in food markets, international trade, and global supply chains. We focus on their effects on welfare, trade, industrial organization, and labor markets and with special attention to the North-South context. We also...

To understand the reasons for the formation of regional economic groupings two basic concepts are introduced: association and dissociation. Moreover, the importance of interest groups and strategic groups is discussed, and security and bargaining power as basic political motivations are...

The Paper's goal is to assess the most important changes in the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) for years 2014-2020 in the context of its potential influence on environmental pressure of agriculture. The final solutions of that policy reform were discussed in relation to main...

This paper assesses impacts of EU CAP implementation on Bulgarian farms of different type and specialization. First, a framework for assessing the CAP effects on farms is presented. Next, an evaluation is made of the impacts of CAP on: economic results and income of farms; production and...