This study examines the relation between productivity and exports in Indonesian manufacturing firms by taking account … productivity and exports, suggesting the importance of R&D to Indonesian economic growth. It suggests also a two-way causality … between productivity and exports, implying the coexistence of self-selection and learning-by-exporting effects in Indonesian …

and lower separation rates; (ii) R&D-induced exports are negatively related to employment growth and accessions and … positively related to separations; and (iii) pure exports are not a driver of employment growth and labor flows. …

firms with exports and R&D dominates that of exporters without R&D, which in turn dominates that of firms that neither … Germany and Denmark. The model, therefore, seems to be useful to guide empirical work on the relation between exports, R&D and …