In transition and developing countries, we observe rather high levels of corruption even if they have democratic … high corruption levels. Our model is based on the fact that corrupt offcials have to pay an entry fee to get lucrative … positions. In a probabilistic voting model, we show that a lack of financial institutions can lead to more corruption as more …

Ukraine’s military conflict with Russia on online social ties between Ukrainian provinces (oblasts). In order to do that, we … military conflict tends to polarize some regions of Ukraine, especially in the East. Our research brings attention to the …

employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 ….9-1.2% of Ukraine's GDP in 2003). …

.9-1.2% of Ukraine's GDP in 2003). -- wage ; wage differentials ; public sector ; corruption ; bribery ; Ukraine … employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 …

employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 ….9-1.2% of Ukraine's GDP in 2003) …

employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … and find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460m and 580m U.S. dollars (0 ….9-1.2% of Ukraine’s GDP in 2003). …

employees. In the case of Ukraine, we find that public sector employees receive 24-32% less wages than their private sector … find that the lower bound estimate of the extent of bribery in Ukraine is between 460 mln and 580 mln U.S. dollars (0 ….9-1.2% of Ukraine’s GDP in 2003). …

We study experimentally whether anti-corruption policies with a focus on bribery might be insufficient to uncover more … between a decision-maker and a lobbying party serves as a legal substitute for corruption. Due to the obvious lack of field …

We study experimentally whether anti-corruption policies with a focus on bribery might be insufficient to uncover more … between a decision-maker and a lobbying party serves as a legal substitute for corruption. Due to the obvious lack of field …

enforcement against corruption and organized crime in local governments. Specifically, I take advantage of an Italian law that …