We present an approach that pursues an adequate representation of product transformation possibilities for a technology generating, in addition to marketed (good) products, some environmentally detrimental non-marketed byproducts (bad outputs). As the shadow price of a non-marketed output...

Projects, private or public, that share input factors or output requirements had better be construed as members of a portfolio. Present risk, the capital asset pricing model may facilitate valuation of each member. Chief results of that model are derived and generalized here as core solutions...

Shanghai, one of the most developed cities in China, is implementing a pilot regional carbon emission trading scheme. Estimating the marginal abatement costs of CO2 emissions for the industrial sectors covered in Shanghai's emission trading scheme provides the government and participating firms...

This paper estimates the shadow price of CO2 and explores its determinants for thermal power enterprises in China. Using a parametric quadratic directional distance function, we evaluate the inefficiency and shadow price of CO2 for 124 power enterprises in 2004, applying deterministic and...

As part of ongoing efforts to reduce CO2 emissions by increasing the proportion of the energy mix relying on nuclear power, it may be useful to substitute nuclear power for thermal power wherever possible, thereby substantially reducing the need to use fossil fuels. In order to evaluate the...

This article is a proof and critique of the theorem in its title. The marginal cost of public funds is the relative price of dollars in the hands of the government, with dollars in the hands of the public as the numeraire. It is the appropriate mark-up of benefit over cost for public sector...

Under the scheme of the Kyoto Protocol, there are plans for the efficient reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. In the electric power sector, nuclear power generation, which emits no carbon dioxide in the process of generating electricity, has come under scrutiny. However, this energy produces...

Evidence based medicine supports net benefit maximising therapies and strategies in processes of health technology assessment (HTA) for reimbursement and subsidy decisions internationally. However, translation of evidence based medicine to practice is impeded by efficiency measures such as cost...