The resurgence of interest in currency boards prompts reconsideration of one of the Irish experience. The authors evaluate the institutional arrangements which underpinned the Irish pound for a half-century. While the regime did have a credibility which led to low interest rates and a degree of...

The resurgence of interest in currency boards prompts reconsideration of one of the Irish experience. The authors evaluate the institutional arrangements which underpinned the Irish pound for a half-century. While the regime did have a credibility which led to low interest rates and a degree of...

Contemporary views often support the idea that a high level of central bank independence, together with a clear mandate for it to restrain inflation, are important institutional devices for maintaining price stability. The meaning and policy implications of central bank independence are...

In the general context of controlling inflation, it is suggested that it may be useful to look back at how demand management worked in a small open economy. Trinidad and Tobago established a central bank in the middle of the 1960s and achieved some noteworthy initial successes with the new...

In the general context of controlling inflation, it is suggested that it may be useful to look back at how demand management worked in a small open economy. Trinidad and Tobago established a central bank in the middle of the 1960s and achieved some noteworthy initial successes with the new...

Major differences between national financial systems might make a common monetary policy difficult. As within Europe, Germany and the United Kingdom differ most with respect to their financial systems, the present paper addresses its topic under the assumption that the United Kingdom is already...

1. Regulatory reasons for the crisis <br>2. Refinancing credit and Target balances <br>2.1 Target balances <br>2.2 Target balances and fiscal rescue credit <br>2.3 The lowering of collateral standards for refinancing credit <br>2.4 Indirect state financing via refinancing credit to commercial banks <br>3. ECB...

Since the 2008 global financial crisis, and after decades of relative neglect, the importance of the financial system and its episodic crises as drivers of macroeconomic outcomes has attracted fresh scrutiny from academics, policy makers, and practitioners. Theoretical advances are following a...

We build a general equilibrium model with financial frictions that impede the effectiveness of monetary policy in stimulating output. Agents with heterogeneous productivity can increase investment by levering up, but this increases interim liquidity risk. In equilibrium, the more productive...

We propose a regulatory approach for restricting debt financing as an amplification mechanism across the financial system. A small stylised model illustrates the trade-off between static and time varying limits on leverage in dampening the financial cycle. The policy section proposes its...