In cash flow valuation, on grounds of simplicity, it is common to assume that the leverage is constant over time. With constant leverage, the return to levered equity is constant and consequently, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) applied to the Free Cash Flow is constant. However,...

In this teaching note I explain a method to obtain consensus among the members of a group. This method is the well known Delphi Method. This method is useful to close the gap between the total ignorance regarding a fact or situation and a disciplined guess. I present the origin of the name, that...

In this note we show with a simple example the proper way to use the adjusted WACC , the Cash Flow to Equity and the Capital Cash Flow, CCF to calculate the levered value of a firm when it has debt in foreign currency (FC). In this note we assume we are valuating the firm in the context of the...

Usually a great deal of effort is devoted in typical financial textbooks to the mechanics of the calculations of time value of money equivalencies: payments, future values, present values, etc. This is necessary. However little or no effort is devoted to how to arrive at the figures required to...

It is widely known that if the leverage is constant over time, then the after-tax Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is constant over time. In other words, it is inappropriate to use a constant after-tax WACC to discount the free cash flow (FCF) if the leverage changes over time. However,...

It is widely known that if the leverage is constant over time, then the cost of equity and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) for the free cash flow, FCF, is constant over time. In other words, it is inappropriate to use a constant WACCFCF to discount the free cash flow (FCF) if the...

Veacute;lez-Pareja and Tham, 2003a, Veacute;lez-Pareja and Tham, 2003b and Tham and Veacute;lez-Pareja, 2004 showed the matching between discounted cash flow (DCF) methods and value added methods. They departed from the net operating profit less adjusted taxes NOPLAT and net income when using...

In this note, we show that with respect to the Miles and Ezzell (Mamp;E) Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), the return to levered equity for finite cash flows is constant if the debt-equity ratio is constant. We assume that the reader is familiar with the Mamp;E WACC. The expression that...

In the standard Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) applied to the free cash flow (FCF), we assume that the cost of debt is the market, unsubsidized rate. With debt at the market rate and perfect capital markets, debt only creates value in the presence of taxes through the tax shield. In...