In the present paper we focus on the two best organised ancient Greek federations the Achaean and the Aetolian. Both were democratic ones. We analyse their institutional structure, decision making bodies, and finances. Then, we compare them to the present European Union (EU) and point out...

Many people are afraid of falling prey to crime. The present report investigates the extent to which this fear is in line with the actual regional crime rates. This analysis is based on data from a comprehensive database on the fear of crime, combined with police crime statistics (specifically,...

Measuring and explaining the fear of crime in criminology and its related disciplines has been a controversial issue for decades. The present report proposes a method of examining and measuring the fear of crime with a broader empirical basis than has been possible with standard indicators to...

Many people are afraid of falling prey to crime. The present report investigates the extent to which this fear is in line with the actual regional crime rates. This analysis is based on data from a comprehensive database on the fear of crime, combined with police crime statistics (specifically,...

The present report analyzes crime reporting in newspapers and compares this to actual crime rates and fear of crime. One key finding is that crime-related issues play a comparativelyminor role in local editions of regional subscription newspapers. While this does not apply to the number of...

This paper investigates the extent of vengeful feelings and their determinants using data on more than 89,000 individuals from 53 countries. Country characteristics (such as per-capita income, average education of the country, presence of an armed conflict, the extent of the rule-of-law,...

This essay surveys a number of intellectual currents in and about the Weimar Republic (1919-33), and attempts to provide a limited background for understanding the codeterminacy of scientific, cultural, and socio-political crisis. It will attempt to map out the contours of a constellation of...

This paper studies the dynamics of violence in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict since the outbreak of the Second (or 'Al-Aqsa') Intifada in September 2000, during which more than 3,300 Palestinians and more than 1,000 Israelis have been killed. The conflict has followed an uneven pattern, with...

Sales of arms are a significant component of international trade and raise a range of pressing policy issues. After a short review of the market, this paper provides a formal model of the trade which allows for competing, forward-looking suppliers whose welfare depends on both the economic...

We observe that the period between Cold War era and the event of 911, variation in foreign military threats leads to variation in defense resources and fluctuations in the labor market. Using an intertemporal optimization dynamic model, this paper explores the impacts of foreign military threats...