entrepreneurship is related to the historical success of regions, which we capture by the pre-war level of and self-employment in …

We investigate the effects of new business formation on employment change in German regions. A special focus is on the … productivity. In low-productivity regions, the overall employment effect of new business formation activity might be negative. The …

We investigate regional differences in the contribution of newly founded businesses to regional employment. This is … labeled the direct employment effect of new businesses. The analysis is at the spatial level of West German planning regions … for the period 1984-2002. We find rather pronounced differences for the direct employment effect across regions …

Recent empirical research has found that the effect of new business formation on employment emerges over a period of … of new business formation on employment change into direct and indirect effects. The results indicate that indirect … regional differences of the employment change generated by new business formation can to a large part be explained by …

We investigate the effects that new business formation has on employment in incumbent firms and compare it to the … employment effects of new businesses on the incumbents are significantly positive. Moreover, we find indication that these … effects on incumbents are considerably larger than the employment that is directly generated in the start-ups. We draw …

We investigate the effects that regional start-up activity has on employment in new and in incumbent businesses. The … employment in the incumbents are significantly positive and that this indirect effect on incumbent employment leads to more jobs …

data from 1992 to 2005 on 97 German regions to analyze recent convergence in self-employment rates. An astonishing catching … regions have achieved convergence with West German self-employment rates and some have not. …

We investigate regional differences of the effect of new business formation on employment growth in West Germany. We … find an inverse 'u'-shaped relationship between the level of start-up activity and employment change. The main variables … that shape the employment effects of new businesses in a region are population density, the share of medium level skilled …