Between 1.5 and 2 billion of the world's poor are small farmers. In recent years, voluntary certification has become a … failed to demonstrate consistent farmer benefits from certification, leading to a debate among practitioners as to whether it …: they implicitly ask whether certification helps farmers on average. Instead, this paper assumes that certification is …

improving the quality assurance system of health professional education through school accreditation and graduate certification …

regulations of a market, the costs of compliance are assumed to be smaller than for CA regimes requiring certification by third …, visible in all three sectors, are found for exports to EU markets from non-OECD (developing) countries included in the sample …

the world. New approaches to improving the environmental sustainability of fisheries have included the certification of … between certification requirements and the reality of tropical small-scale fisheries; (3) potential distortions to existing … ecolabelling as currently practiced is unlikely to be widely adopted in Asian countries. Certification may have sporadic success in …

producers in developing countries are disadvantaged by the increasing prevalence of food quality standards. Based on a …

The significance of standards in international agricultural trade is continuously rising. Due to their complexity …, especially private industry standards are often expected to have a negative impact on agricultural export sectors in developing … countries. The successful adoption of standards by a broad number of producers can be seen as a condition to limit negative …

The significance of standards in international agricultural trade is continuously rising. Due to their complexity …, especially private industry standards are often expected to have a negative impact on agricultural export sectors in developing … countries. The successful adoption of standards by a broad number of producers can be seen as a condition to limit negative …