Germany's nominal exchange rate has remained weaker because it is linked to weaker eurozone economies. Germany's real exchange rate also depreciated vis-à-vis eurozone countries after 2000 because German firms and workers controlled unit labor costs. This paper investigates how exchange rate...

This paper examines the relationships between productivity growth and characteristics of firms using Japanese firm-level data during the period 1995-2004. Applying a bootstrapped Malmquist index approach and weighted least squares (WLS) to two retail trade industries, we estimate the firm-level...

This paper examines productivity and returns to scale under the assumption of monopolistic competition using Japanese firm-level data. Although differentiating products (services) is considered important in firms' strategies and productivity growth, it has not been sufficiently investigated in...

This paper examines the relationship between productivity, markups, and development of foreign markets using a rich firm-level dataset of the Japanese manufacturing industry during the period 2000-2010. Using estimates of firm-specific productivity and markups, we investigate if the development...

This paper examines mark-up and productivity of retail trade industries under imperfect competition. Applying a newly developed approach by Martin (2010) to Japanese retail trade firm data, we estimate the firm-specific mark-up and productivity without price information and discuss their...

Amid the remarkable advance in the service-orientation of the economies of Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) nations in recent years there has been greater demand for studies on the effects of this on the macroeconomy and its implications for productivity dynamics and...

During the last decade, economists and policy makers have extensively discussed what types of firms can exploit external markets by exporting and what happens to domestic firms if external competitors penetrate into the home market. Although both theoretical and empirical studies have been...

This paper examines the similarities and differences between the manufacturing and the service sectors in terms of market power and productivity dispersion, using data of Japanese automobile manufacturers and dealers. Applying a newly developed approach proposed by Martin (2010), we estimate the...

Although the factor share approach is used to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) in many empirical papers, its validity is very controversial. This approach is justifiable if and only if the market of inputs and outputs is perfectly competitive, the production function follows constant...

China's surplus in processing trade remains large. Processed exports are final goods produced using parts and components that are imported duty free. Since much of the value added of these exports comes from East Asia, exchange rates throughout the region should affect their foreign currency...