Using the generalized extreme value theory to characterize tail distributions, we address liqui- dation, leverage, and optimal margins for bitcoin long and short futures positions. The empirical analysis of perpetual bitcoin futures on BitMEX shows that (1) daily forced liquidations to out-...

We consider the hedging problem where a futures position can be automatically liquidated by theexchange without notice. We derive a semi-closed form for an optimal hedging strategy with dualobjectives -- to minimise both the variance of the hedged portfolio and the probability of liquidationsdue...

How do supply and demand from informed traders drive market prices of bitcoin options? Deribit options tick-level data supports the limits-to-arbitrage hypothesis about market maker’s supply. The main demand-side effects are that at-the-money option prices are largely driven by volatility...

This paper presents an investigation concerning the effects of operating conditions on the performance of a passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). A self-developed porous metal fiber sintered plate (PMFSP) is used as the methanol barrier between the fuel reservoir and current collector at the...