The purpose of this study was to develop and apply the neural networks models to estimate daily pan evaporation (PE) for different climatic zones such as temperate and arid climatic zones, Republic of Korea and Iran. Three kinds of the neural networks models, namely multilayer perceptron-neural...

In this study, the performance of M5 model tree and conventional method for converting pan evaporation data (E<Subscript>p</Subscript>) to reference evapotranspiration (ET<Subscript>0</Subscript>) were assessed in semi-arid regions. Conventional method uses pan coefficient (K<Subscript>p</Subscript>) as a factor to convert E<Subscript>p</Subscript> to ET<Subscript>0</Subscript>. Two common K<Subscript>p</Subscript> equations for...</subscript></subscript></subscript></subscript></subscript></subscript>

As an important constituent of hydrological cycle, estimation of Reference Evapotranspiration (ET<Subscript>o</Subscript>) is essential for planning of projects related to water resources. This article compares the results obtained from the available pan evaporation based equations to estimate ET<Subscript>o</Subscript> from pan evaporation...</subscript></subscript>

<Para ID="Par1">Change in pan evaporation (E<Subscript>pan</Subscript>) has evoked general scientific interest because it involves both climatic and hydrological effects. The enhanced greenhouse effect may be the casual factor, although the mechanism still needs to be further confirmed. Based on meteorological data (Pan evaporation,...</subscript></para>

Sustainable development of agriculture in the North China Plain is severely restricted by a shortage of fresh water. Saline water used for irrigation can increase crop yields as well as the risk of soil salinization. Therefore, to identify safe and simple ways of using saline water in this...

<Para ID="Par1">Evaporation, a major component of hydrologic cycle, is an important parameter to many applications in water resource management, irrigation scheduling, and environmental studies. In this study, two soft computing techniques: (a) Artificial Neural Network (ANN), (b) Co-active Neuro-Fuzzy...</para>

The paper offers a synthesis of several widely used estimation methods in survey sampling from a rather personal point of view. The methods which will be discussed include post-stratification estimation, generalized regression estimation and calibration estimation. The presentation puts emphasis...

The objective of this study is to develop soft computing and data reconstruction techniques for modeling monthly California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS) evapotranspiration (ET<Subscript>o</Subscript>) at two stations, U.C. Riverside and Durham, in California. The nonlinear dynamics of monthly CIMIS...</subscript>

The paper presents a generalized regression technique centered on a superquantile (also called conditional value-at-risk) that is consistent with that coherent measure of risk and yields more conservatively fitted curves than classical least-squares and quantile regression. In contrast to other...