The independence of prosecutors is a crucial issue in the fight against corruption. A strong rule of law and the implementation of national anti-corruption legislation require that prosecutors be free from any undue external pressure. The power of prosecutors in deciding whether to prosecute a...

Even though informal employment is wide-spread in transition economies the literature on this phenomenon in the region is rather scarce. For policy makers it is important to know the incidence and the determinants of informal employment. In the first part of the paper we demonstrate that its...

This paper investigates the determinants of innovative activities and the innovation-performance relationship for the firm population in Vietnam in three consecutive stages: decision - investment - outcome. Cragg's two-tiered dynamic type-2 Tobit model and instrumental variable GMM method are...

This paper takes stock of informal employment in Russia analyzing its incidence and determinants. Using the regular waves and an informality supplement of the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS) it develops several measures of informal employment and demonstrates that the incidence...

Five generic reforms, price liberalization, property privatization, macroeconomic stabilization, microeconomic restructuring and trade liberalization, are integrated into both exogenous and endogenous growth models. This integration allows one to assess the implications of each reform for a...