This report evaluates ‘under-declared employment', which is the practice where a formal employer pays a formal employee an official declared wage but also an additional undeclared (envelope) wage in order to evade the full social insurance and tax liabilities owed. The aim is to evaluate the...

This report presents the findings of a survey on illegitimate economic practices in FYR Macedonia conducted between August and October 2015. This representative survey of 2,014 citizens focused on their experiences with undeclared work, envelope wages and the practice of ‘pulling strings', as...

This paper provides a detailed review of the extent and nature of undeclared work in Croatia. Reporting a range of datasets including the 2007 and 2013 Eurobarometer surveys on undeclared work, as well as the 2015 GREY household and business surveys on undeclared work, this report outlines the...

This report presents the findings of a survey on illegitimate economic practices in Croatia conducted between August and October 2015. This representative survey of 2,000 citizens focused on the experiences of Croatians with undeclared work, envelope wages and the practice of ‘pulling...

Do voters punish left-wing parties that pursue neo-liberal policies? We address the question in the context of post-communist countries, where the left implemented painful market-oriented reforms. For the left, owning these reforms means backing away from its policy platform and plausibly...

This paper examines the ethical perception of tax evasion in the Republic of Macedonia. A survey consisting of 18 statements was distributed to 120 students; 107 responses were received. The results show that, in general, Macedonian students are intolerant towards tax evasion, perceiving it as...

Collusions between local governments and firms” and its impacts on environmental governance have been paid a great of attention by the scholars in China. The center government carried out a series of re-centralization measurements to deter the collusions. By using the National Private...

Mandatory Environmental Information Disclosure (EID) programs are touted as effective supplements to traditional policy instruments in most OECD countries. However, the Chinese national EID program, which was launched in 2008, is found to be ineffective for the urban environment. Though former...

This paper presents new evidence on the dynamics of dollarization and euroization for twenty-five transition countries. Estimates of the amount of foreign currency in circulation (FCC) in transition countries are used to develop a new comprehensive dollarization index (CDI) and separate indices...