This paper describes a new method of calculating the failure rate of programs involving behavioral change. The method overcomes a threat to construct validity implicit in the previous calculation method. Using it, one can estimate the failure rate as well as the fraction of program participants...

Objective: To estimate the causal effect of a medical marijuana initiative on suicide risk. In 1996, California legalized marijuana use for medical purposes. Implementation was abrupt and uniform, presenting a “natural experiment.”Method: Total, gun and non-gun suicides were aggregated by...