A prominent challenge when drawing causal inference using observational data is the ubiquitous presence of endogenous regressors. The classical econometric method to handle regressor endogeneity requires instrumental variables that must satisfy the stringent condition of exclusion restriction,...

Unlike random sampling, selective sampling draws units based on the outcome values, such as over-sampling rare events in choice outcomes and extreme activities on continuous and count outcomes. Despite high cost effectiveness for marketing research, such endogenously selected samples must be...

Causal inference is of central interests in many empirical applications yet often challenging because of the presence of endogenous regressors. The classical approach to the problem requires using instrumental variables that must satisfy the stringent condition of exclusion restriction. At the...