Centrifugal pumps are widely used in cooling water systems to transport cooling water to its users. They are installed in the header line of the feed pipe, constituting a main pump network. The pressure head of the main pumps must be large enough to satisfy the pressure heads of all coolers. The...

A new method based on the heat duty–time (Q–t) diagram is proposed for heat integration of heat exchanger networks featuring batch streams. Using the Q–t diagram method, the energy targets and the structure of the initial heat exchanger network can be easily obtained. The method can be...

The early stages of the GATT focused on MEs and did not include rules related to NMEs. With the creation of the WTO in 1995 and the participation of NMEs in a multilateral trading system, the WTO became interested in different treatments between MEs and NMEs. However, the ambiguity of the WTO...

The Market Economy Status (MES) issue has come to the top of the international agenda, bringing heated discussions on whether or not China will soon be granted this status after December 11, 2016. Until 2014, there has been a total of 1052 Anti-Dumping (AD) investigations initiated against...