We develop a spatial model of energy exploitation where energy sources are differentiated by their geographic location … and energy density. The spatial setting creates a scaling law that magnifies the importance of differences across energy … plays must first boom and then bust. For both renewable and non-renewable energy sources we link the size of exploitation …

by analysing the consequences of becoming an exporter on a firm's energy consumption. We show both theoretically and … relatively large quantities of fuel decrease their energy use after exporting, perhaps by adopting more fuel-effcient technology …

export destinations of Europe and rest of the world (ROW) to establish whether a firm adjusts its energy use in response to a … decision to start exporting to a more (Europe) or a less (ROW) regulated destination. Although on average, no energy … adjustments are found for these destinations, focusing on the most polluting industries or the most energy-intensive firms reveals …

environmental policies that affect prices and energy demand are mainly effective in directing innovation by small specialized firms …

This paper describes the energy sector in the Mediterranean and MENA (Middle East and North Africa) countries. It first … analyses the production of energy by fossil and renewable sources and discusses the increasing demand in the area and its … consequences. It describes the policy frameworks to promote renewable energy as well as fossil-fuel subsidies, which are still …