Recently scientists used nanoparticles in refrigeration systems because of theirs remarkable improvement in thermo-physical, and heat transfer capabilities to enhance the efficiency and reliability of refrigeration and air conditioning system. In this paper thermal-physical properties of...

With the increasing negative effects of fossil fuel combustion on the environment in addition to limited stock of fossil fuel have forced many countries to inquire into and change to environmentally friendly alternatives that are renewable to sustain the increasing energy demand. Energy policy...

An industrial sector uses more energy than any other end-use sectors and currently this sector is consuming about 37% of the world's total delivered energy. Energy is consumed in the industrial sector by a diverse group of industries including manufacturing, agriculture, mining, and construction...

Compressed-air systems account for about 10% of total industrial-energy use for few selected countries as found in literatures. Compressed air is typically one of the most expensive utilities in an industrial facility. This paper describes a comprehensive literature review about compressed air...

This paper reviews on the possibilities of researches in the field of exergy analysis in various usable sectors where vapor compression refrigeration systems are used. Here, it is found that exergy depends on evaporating temperature, condensing temperature, sub-cooling and compressor pressure....

Research in convective heat transfer on internal separated flows has been extensively conducted in the past decades. This review summarizes numerous researches on two topics. The first section focuses on studying the fluid flow and heat transfer behavior of different types of single-phase fluid...

Since the beginning of industrialization, energy consumption has increased far more rapidly than the number of people on the planet. It is known that the consumption of energy is amazingly high and the fossil based resources may not be able to provide energy for the whole world as these...

Currently, fossil fuels such as oil, coal and natural gas represent the prime energy sources in the world. However, it is anticipated that these sources of energy will deplete within the next 40-50 years. Moreover, the expected environmental damages such as the global warming, acid rain and...

The cement subsector consumes approximately 12-15% of the total industrial energy use. Therefore, this subsector releases CO2 emissions to the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels to produce energy needed for the cement manufacturing process. The cement industry contributes about 7% of...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate performance cement of production and cement kiln. The design of energy efficient dryers employing heat pump systems and the dynamic response of the product to the kiln conditions must take into account. In this paper, the formulation of a dynamic and...