Low-cost and eco-friendly auxiliary energy supply units to power gas sensors are of great significance to various fields. In this work, a gas sensor based on the PANI/NiCo 2 O 4 composite was powered by a gelatin-polyimide based triboelectric nanogenerator (GP-TENG) for the detection of NH 3 at...

In this paper, we study a novel network design problem for the fourth-party logistics network (4PLN) to cope with accidental demand surges. A chance-constrained stochastic programming model is established to minimize the overall cost for 4PLN under service-level targets, where the stochastic...

Virtual enterprises (VEs) are essential components of global manufacturing. Minimizing risk is the key problems to overcome in order to ensure the success of a VE. The operation of VE is always organized by project mode and there are many uncertain factors that are fuzzy in VE. This paper...

As fourth party logistics (4PL) has the power to integrate the supply chain, from the beginning of the 21st century, it has attracted more and more attention in many fields. As one of the most important aspects in 4PL, the fourth party logistics routing problem (4PLRP) is very difficult to solve...