The performance of the Dutch Energy Sector is analyzed using the Standard Exergy Analysis as well as Extended Exergy Accounting (EEA) method. Performance indicators based on energy, exergy and cumulative exergy consumption (CExC) are evaluated for three subsectors: exploitation, transformation,...

Fuel cells have great application potential as stationary power plants, as power sources in transportation, and as portable power generators for electronic devices. Most fuel cells currently being developed for use in vehicles and as portable power generators require hydrogen as a fuel. Chemical...

This paper investigates the direct integration of a gas turbine power cycle with an ammonia synthesis loop. Such a loop represents a typical reactor–separator system with a recycle stream and cold separation of the product from the recycle loop. The hot reaction products are expanded directly...

The integration of a turbine expander into different types of high pressure, exothermic chemical synthesis processes is considered. In conventional systems, the reaction heat is often transferred to generate steam to drive steam turbines or used for heat integration. The heat is reduced in...