Based on the thermodynamic properties of HCFC123 obtained by using a modified Benedict-Webb-Rubin (MBWR) equation of state fit to experimental measurements, the theoretical performance of HCFC123 has been assessed as an alternative to CFC11 by using standard refrigeration parameters, including...

This paper discusses the theoretical differences in performance between using R-12 and R-22 resulting from changes in thermodynamic properties. It also assesses the potential for using R-22 as a replacement for R-12 by considering a case study of an R-12 reciprocating air-conditioning unit...

In this paper the isotropic sky method of Liu and Jordan is used to theoretically estimate the monthly average daily and hourly solar radiation impinging on an unshaded tilted surface in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. The surface receiving solar radiation is assumed to be fixed at a tilt angle, β,...

For the last two centuries, fossil fuel has been considered and utilized as the main source of energy. However; the negative impacts of burning fossil fuel on the environment have forced the energy research continuity to seriously consider renewable sources of energy. Solar energy, in...

This paper addresses the issue of the economic competitiveness of PV-powered irrigation when compared with conventional diesel powered pumps in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The cost comparison gives a breakdown cost of a solar photovoltaic module of US$ 2.5 per peak watt.

Conservation of useful form of energy, i.e. electricity to be used in the production sector rather than consumption sector is becoming a priority in the KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). One of the consumption sectors which utilize a large amount of electrical energy is the air-conditioning and...