Daily solar insulation is stochastic quantity. Therefore there is always a risk for a stand alone PV system not to meet the load, loads fed by PV systems widely vary by the importance. Therefore there should be different risk level for different loads, eg the loss of load risk (LOLR) level for...

The increasing interest in solar energy technology all over the world spilt over into Ghana when crude oil importation constituted the biggest consumer of the country's foreign exchange at a time when income from the nation's main export commodities, cocoa and gold, fell below expected levels....

This paper reports on the national renewable electricity supply provided largely by solar photovoltaics and wind power, together with hydro, geothermal and biomass, in Japan. The preliminary statistical analysis of the Japanese data shows that the optimal mix to minimise the standard deviation...

The autonomous PV systems cover a wide area of the applications that can be developed in the country, in places far from the national grid and with a low demand of electric power. The electrification of homes and farms in rural areas by using PV systems would contribute to improving the...