A general method for the allocation of resources and products in multi-resource/multi-product facilities is developed with particular reference to the important two-resource/two-product case of hybrid fossil & solar/heat & power cogeneration. For a realistic case study, we show how the method...

Multi-generation facilities are almost always part of a local production scenario, i.e., a local area (district, city, regional, national, interstate) energy system providing end users with electricity, residential heating or air-conditioning, industrial process steam, desalinated water, and/or...

Current legislation, standards, and scientific research in the field of energy efficiency often make use of PEFs (primary energy factors). The measures employed are usually fixed and based on theoretical calculations. However given the intrinsically variable nature of energy systems, these PEFs...