Energy systems are rapidly transitioning towards decarbonization, thanks in part to innovative digital technologies and changing mobility demands. This open access book examines the decarbonization and digitalization transformation in the transport sector, with a particular focus on energy...

Since the 1980s sustainability has clearly become the challenge of the 21st century. In a process toward a sustainable society it is crucial that different stakeholders start collaboration and exchange ideas with technicians and academics. To finalize the policy decisions on important issues...

In this study, an interval-robust nonlinear optimization (IRNO) method is developed for planning energy system and managing CO2 emissions with trading scheme, through incorporating interval-parameter programming (IPP) within a robust optimization (RO) framework. In the modeling formulation, two...

The costs of a photovoltaic energy system are studied. The system is supposed to be in a selfsustaining state: once established is it able to produce the energy necessary also for the substitution of expiring old plants. Here we investigate the financial situation of such a system.