The history of regulation in America is as old as the republic itself. Since colonial times, Americans have struggled with the conflict between the desire for individual freedom and economic growth, and the need for rules and structure in a civil society. The evolution of the United States from...

Despite the presence of many and diverse sellers of insurance in most markets, insurance prices in some markets remain subject to regulation by state governments. Insurance rate regulation has a long and storied history in this country and the reasons for its continued existence are subject to...

In October 2005, the agencies that supervise U.S. depository institutions proposed changes in the Basel I capital requirements that will apply to the banks that will not be subject to the new Basel II capital requirements. An objective of the U.S. bank supervisors for proposing changes in Basel...

Our country has been through economic Hell the past three years. (See the report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, www.fcic.gov.) The turmoil that began in 2008 with the collapse of Bear Stearns and Lehman Brothers and continued with the failure of American International Group (AIG),...

This article asserts that, in dealing with the 2007-2009 financial crisis, the Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) has placed its role as monetary agency and de facto steward of the market for U.S. Treasury debt ahead of its statutory responsibility for ensuring the soundness of the private banks. This...

The beginning of the most important elements of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) is an opportune time to review the history of health care reform in the United States, the issues involved in the development of the ACA and its prospects. Efforts for reform trace back...

Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs) are government-chartered, special purpose corporations. They have been created to advance foster funding in a number of areas including housing, education and agriculture. Over the past 2 decades, the privatization has been proposed. There are many...

This Policy Brief provides an overview of the 2010 Affordable Care Act and perspective on some of its key provisions affecting health insurance. Following a synopsis of the main problems that confront U.S. health care and insurance, it considers the extent to which the Affordable Care Act (ACA)...

The Optional Federal Chartering (OFC) proposal introduced in the last session of Congress may have been the right bill for the introduction of federal regulation of the insurance industry at the turn of the 20th century. However, the current OFC proposal shows its 19th century roots as it merely...

The Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Medicare Part D had the same rocky start. Both were criticized as unworkable and unsustainable. Yet both have similar structures. They offer individuals a choice of competing health plans, provide subsidies to make coverage affordable, and impose penalties for...