This paper focuses on self-selection into trade by exporting and importing firms, and on the presence of differential …-selection effect for both importing and exporting firms with a stronger effect for importers. The results suggest that the nature of … sunk costs varies between importing and exporting activities with importers facing higher sunk costs. Tariffs represent a …

across firm ownership status. We find strong evidence of productivity gains among new export starters resulting from export … market participation compared to non-export starters. Further, we find evidence of high and sustained productivity growth for … domestic exporters who initiate exporting activities, compared to foreign affiliates whose productivity growth is insignificant …

Using the Malmquist productivity index and panel data methods, we study the role of total human capital and its … composition in the technological “catch-up” process and productivity growth via the channels of innovation and adoption of … productivity growth. Primary and secondary school attainment (unskilled labour) contribute significantly to the adoption of …

-year-level productivity and markup estimates. We find that importing intermediate inputs is associated with large markup premium, while the …This paper studies the relationship between firm markups and importing intermediate inputs and exporting using detailed … theoretical framework, where firms lower their markup when exporting to more competitive foreign markets and where importing …

-Douglas productivity function. We explain how our framework can be used to unpack one component of the Cobb-Douglas productivity function …, the ‘total factor productivity,’ which represents the other numerous sub-variables that affect outsourcing productivity …