This chapter defines a universal public pension scheme (UPPS) as a government-mandated lifecycle longevity insurance scheme that transfers individual consumption from the working years to the retirement phase of the lifecycle. It discusses the differences in four UPPS designs defined with regard...

The present paper is part of unpublished book that analyzes the political, social and economic collapse of the Sudan. Economic, social and distributive disparities triggered a process for the disintegration of the nation under the pretext of imposing Islamic Sharia Laws. A pronounced prominent...

The Sudanese political crisis is delivered worldwide in all media. Current issues are focused on the Southern Secession and birth of the South Sudan Nation, the recent rebellion in Southern Kordofan and the Darfur stalemate. Additional crisis are brewing in Sudan's Eastern Region of the Red Sea,...

In a strong sense, corruption is an epidemic that coexists with anthropogenic moral structure and behavior. However, the impacts of institutional corruption can lead to distortions in business cycles and drastic damages to a country's collective economic and social performance. In this essay, we...

Under the present civil Sudanese conditions, the country endures many hardships which are manifested in economic retraction, inflation, recession and stagflation. However, those are not the sole reasons for the sporadic conflicts that infest the people. Illegitimate property and economic...

Portuguese Abstract: O volume de investimentos governamentais na área de segurança pública, conforme as informações de orçamentos públicos, estão excessivamente elevados, em detrimento de áreas como a saúde pública, cujos valores apresentam-se aquém das necessidades. Faz-se...

Although similarities between the British and American systems of financial regulation are often remarked upon in academic commentary, the organizational structure of financial supervision in the two countries has diverged substantially in the past decade, as the United Kingdom has now largely...

We offer a parsimonious model to investigate how strategic wind producers sell energy under stochastic production constraints, where the extent of heterogeneity of wind energy availability varies according to wind farm locations. The main insight of our analysis is that increasing heterogeneity...

We show that on-demand insurance contracts, an innovative form of coverage recently introduced through the InsurTech sector, can serve as a screening device. To this end, we develop a new adverse selection model consistent with Wilson (1977), Miyazaki (1977) and Spence (1978). Consumers have...