This paper examines conditions under which the agency problem in PPP (expropriation of the private partner by the state) could be rectified. We propose that the issue lies not in a 'complete contract' (a more protective ex ante contract) in mitigating the agency problem in PPP, but rather the...

The TIP market consists of three players: the trafficker, the traffickee and the government. It is often fraught with agency problems of asymmetric information, moral hazard, divergent beliefs and incomplete contract between the traffickers and traffickee where the former often use psychological...

This paper is interested to propose an alternative indicator to evaluate the ports productivity performance. This indicator is called the ports intensity productivity equation. The main objective of the ports intensity productivity equation is to evaluate the performance of ports as a whole. We...