The paper reviews the arrangements for meeting additional post-crisis demand for international liquidity. It distinguishes between reserve creation and reserve pooling as a basis for multilateral liquidity facilities; reserve pooling arrangements carry the risk that, in a general crisis, all the...

This report identifies a set of policy lessons for China today drawn from the experience of financial deregulation, financial crisis and recovery in Scandinavia during the period 1985-2000. Although there are considerable differences between the huge Chinese economy and the small Nordic...

This paper investigates when and how the US dollar shortage problem evolved into the full crisis during the financial turmoil that started in the summer of 2007, using cross-currency swap prices between three European currencies (EUR, GBP, and CHF) and USD. We employ the dynamic global (latent)...

During the first quarter of 2020, the spread of the COVID-19 proved to be very detrimental to many countries' social well-being and economic conditions. Also, in early March, when the disease was already a pandemic, Saudi Arabia substantially increased its oil production, plunging oil prices. In...

On 12 March 2020, the sharp fell of U.S. crude oil price to 30 dollars was explained by the outspreads of coronavirus pandemic and the OPEC's inability to reach a production quota agreement. We employ the structural VAR model with time-varying coefficients and stochastic volatility (TVP-SVAR...

This paper shows that countries can use foreign reserves to enhance their domestic economies' resilience to potential risks from balance sheet effects. Based on a theoretical model, this paper demonstrates that the government can either deploy its foreign reserves to lend in foreign currency to...

We present a model of the foreign exchange market with 2 types of investors: cash-constrained carry traders, and short-sighed boundedly rational technical traders. We show that the interactions between both agents explain several of the well-documented puzzles of the exchange rate. In...

This paper investigated the impact of exchange rate volatility on the automotive industry exports of Korea using a traditional long-run export demand model. In measuring the exchange rate volatility this study employed the General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity [GARCH(1,1)] model...

This paper is an attempt to identify robust lead indicators to serve as early warning signals for a currency crisis in India. The Signals approach of Kaminsky, Lizondo, and Reinhart (KLR) 1998 is used to identify the lead indicators, and Logistic Regression is used to verify for their...

We introduce a novel indicator of eurozone exit risk based on American Depositary Receipts(ADRs). We exploit ADR investors' exposure to potential losses associated with a eurozoneexit, e.g. due to redenomination of underlying stocks into the new devaluated currency, capitalcontrols or trading...