This article considers approaches, prevalent in the world, to appraisal of large-scale investment projects aimed at construction of transport systems. The approaches are classed as microeco-nomic evaluation, multi-criteria evaluation, and macroeconomic evaluation. Problems of appli-cability of...

Building upon an earlier version, I further review the key methods to evaluate transportation projects. Since transportation projects offer substantial social benefits and costs, it is vital to provide a comparative analysis on the commonly-used methods, i.e., which method(s) to use and under...

Building upon an earlier version, I further review the key methods to evaluate transportation projects. Since transportation projects offer substantial social benefits and costs, it is vital to provide a comparative analysis on the commonly-used methods, i.e., which method(s) to use and under...

Discounting project net flows that exclude financing costs with prescriptive rates fails to reflect costs of capital; discounting them with descriptive rates fails to reflect intertemporal preferences. A hybrid discounting method is proposed whereby descriptive rates are used to forecast costs...

In 2021, the Biden Administration issued mandates requiring COVID-19 vaccinations for U.S. federal employees and contractors and for some healthcare and private sector workers. Although these mandates have been subject to legal challenges and some have been halted or delayed, rigorous appraisal...

The estimated values to society from long-term public projects, including climate change mitigation and infrastructure construction, are highly sensitive to the social discount rate (SDR) employed. Governmental guidance on social discounting has predominantly been based on input from expert...

The appraisal of public investments is subject to formal guidelines which often require input prices, such as forecasted energy prices. Using Danish guidelines as a case study, we explore the discounting assumptions in these input prices and find rates ranging from 2.97% to 17.5%, markedly...

The fact that raising taxes can increase taxed labor supply through income effects is frequently used to justify greater public good provision than indicated by traditional, compensated analyses. We develop a model including multiple public goods and taxes and derive consistent measures of the...

In many empirical Contingent Valuation studies one finds that household size, i. e. the number auf household members, is negatively correlated with stated household willingness to pay for the realization of environmental projects. This observation is rather puzzling because in larger households...

While the global economy continues to grow, ecosystem services tend to stagnate or decline. Economic theory has shown how such shifts in relative scarcities can be reflected in project appraisal and environmental-economic accounting, but empirical evidence has been sparse to put theory into...