"Many natural resources can be effectively exploited mainly by using capital-intensive technologies. We develop a bargaining model with endogenous inside and outside options to analyze the interactions between local communities having at least some degree of informal claims over natural...

"In symmetric commons dilemmas, peer sanctioning, i.e. the possibility to gather information about the resource use of others and to sanction overuse, can be an effective structural solution in terms of resource conservation. However, most real world commons are characterized by structural...

"The outcomes of a series of tests of the ARDI (Actors, Resources, Dynamics, and Interactions) method in complex cases or conflict-ridden situations is presented. ARDI is part of a companion modeling approach that makes it possible to engage a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the design and...

"In this paper we employ experimental economic methods to examine the effect of market structure on the use of marketable emissions permits. In particular, we ask whether firms can strategically manipulate a product market using marketable emissions permits. Subjects participate in two markets,...

"There is a relatively small but growing literature in economics that examines conflictive activities using a framework in which agents allocate their resource endowments between wealth production and appropriation. To date, studies in this literature have employed a similar one period game...

"In 1968, Hardin argued that all commonly-owned resources would tragically be depleted unless private ownership was granted. There are many case studies which prove Hardin wrong. Common-pool resources have been managed with success. However, this success does not imply (as some believe) that...

"Assessing the performance of management is central to natural resource management, in terms of improving the efficiency of interventions in an adaptive-learning cycle. This is not simple, given that such systems generally have multiple scales of interaction and response; high frequency of...

In this brief, we propose a fast expectation conditional maximization (ECM) algorithm for maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation of mixtures of factor analyzers (MFA). Unlike the existing expectation-maximization (EM) algorithms such as the EM in Ghahramani and Hinton, 1996, and the alternating ECM...