Inhomogeneous matter of porphyric structure may be modelled by composite systems of many spherical particles embedded in a homogeneous matrix. These systems are simple enough to enable the microscopic interpretation of macroscopic physical properties. In the present paper a review is given of...

The most natural way of ordering portfolios is by comparing their payoffs. If a portfolio has a payoff higher than the payoff of another portfolio, then it is greater than the other portfolio. This order is called the portfolio dominance order. An important property that a portfolio dominance...

Minimum-cost portfolio insurance is an investment strategy that enables an investor to avoid losses while still capturing gains of a payoff of a portfolio at minimum cost. If derivative markets are complete, then holding a put option in conjunction with the reference portfolio provides...