This paper investigates the efficiency of European universities in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We … adopt a dual approach. At a country level, we investigate efficiency of public expenditure on tertiary education, while at a … university level we analyse the efficiency of the resources employed in achieving higher rankings (in terms of SDGs). Data …

) with multiple inputs and outputs. The efficient frontier is characterized by the DMUs with an unity efficiency score. The … inefficient DMUs deteriorates or improves (up to the frontier), the efficient DMUs still have an unity efficiency score. However … attractiveness of libraries on a specific performance level against libraries exhibiting poorer performance. The set of libraries are …