Few countries have higher wage inequality than South Africa, where wages of African and white workers differ by a factor of five. Using survey data collected in 1993, the authors analyze the complex effect of unions on this wage gap. Among male African workers in the bottom decile of the wage...

This study investigates the growing wage disparity between older and younger workers in high-income countries. We propose a conceptual framework of the labor market in which firms cannot change the contracts of older employees and cannot freely add higher-ranked positions to their organizations....

This paper presents a connecting methodology in order to trace the emerging dynamics of inequality for the youth populace of Europe. We determine that the development of these dynamics are directly affected by the advancement of technology, and especially related to Information and Communication...

We present new evidence on the wage and mobility of young and old workers, which is difficult to explain using standard human capital theory. Instead, we propose a simple dynamic extension of the Roy model, where worker migration and wages are jointly determined at the individual level....

This study reviews the evidence on the impact of youth employment programs on labor market outcomes. The analysis looks at the effectiveness of various interventions and the factors that influence program performance including country context, targeted beneficiaries, program design and...

We exploit an age-specific minimum wage rule-which sets a lower minimum wage for workers of age 15 than the adult minimum wage paid to workers of age 16 and above-and its abolition to estimate the causal effect of a minimum wage increase on youth employment and education in Turkey. Using a...

We exploit an age-specific minimum wage rule - which sets a lower minimum wage for workers of age 15 than that for workers of age 16 and above in Turkey - and its abolition to estimate the causal effect of a minimum wage increase on youth employment and education. Using a regression...

The UK national minimum wage (NMW) is age-specific with the most important threshold at the age of 22 (lowered to 21 from 2010 onwards) when workers become eligible for the adult rate. The authors estimate the impact of this threshold on employment by means of a regression discontinuity...

Since 2007, the labor force participation rate has fallen from about 66 percent to about 63 percent. The sources of this decline have been widely debated among academics and policymakers, with some arguing that the participation rate is depressed due to weak labor demand while others argue that...

Even if political agendas always had youth’s social inclusion as an important item, in the last two decades this issue became critical. For this age group, in recent years, unemployment reached very high levels (21.8% in 2010 and 21.9% in 2011). According to Eurostat data, youth represent one...