, cointegration, and copula methods - on the entire US equity market from 1962 to 2014 with time-varying trading costs. For the … cointegration and copula methods, we design a computationally efficient 2-step pairs trading strategy. In terms of economic outcomes …, the distance, cointegration, and copula methods show a mean monthly excess return of 91, 85, and 43 bps (38, 33, and 5 bps …