, such as confidence, satisfaction or even expectations, by objective ones, such as unemployment, output or inflation. This … accomplished in the paper by the use of data on consumer confidence and on the unemployment rate for the pre-enlargement fifteen … European Union member states. The results indicate the clear importance of unemployment on confidence, which is a result that …

that had been characterized for many years by high unemployment and declining employment. Beginning in 2005, however, the … young and smaller cohorts has affected the declining unemployment rate in East Germany. This paper tackles the question of … the ties between demography and unemployment in East Germany and to this end draws on the concepts of the cohort crowding …

Europe’s labor is not competitiveness taking unemployment as the relevant indicator. The paper looks at other …

Comparing the unemployment insurance systems of the United States and of the United Kingdom it is shown that the US … unemployment insurance (UI) is the only system that provides for a negative feedback between UI expenditures and layoffs … ("experience rating"). The UK has no specific UI: Unemployment benefits are paid by the "National Insurance" which also covers …