The debate about exploring the drivers of pollution, material consumption and energy use has centred on estimating environmental Kuznet curves for countries in a time series, cross-sectional or panel analysis. Very often, evidence is mixed since especially institutional frameworks, market...

There has been a long-running debate on the reliability and validity of the contingent valuation method, connected with the hypotheticality of the situation when respondents are asked to state their willingness to pay (WTP) for species protection (the so-called 'hypothetical bias')....